Psychologists Are Skeptical About the Existence of Esp Because
The Psychology of the Psychic
Last updated  Cover of the 1980 Library Bound Edition | |
| Writer | David Marks Richard Kammann |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Subjects | Parapsychology, scientific discipline, psychology |
| Publisher | Prometheus Books |
| Publication appointment | 1980 (2nd edition 2000) |
| Mediatype | Impress (Hardcover and Paperback) |
| Pages | 232 |
| ISBN | 0-87975-121-five |
| OCLC | 43296735 |
| 133.8/01/9 21 | |
| LCClass | BF1042 .M33 2000 |
The Psychology of the Psychic is a skeptical analysis of some of the nigh publicized cases of parapsychological inquiry past psychologists David Marks and Richard Kammann. The commencement edition, published in 1980, highlights some of the all-time-known cases from the 1970s. The 2d edition, published in 2000, adds information from the intervening 20 years besides as substantially more documentation and references to the original material.
Overview
Marks and Kammann give detailed descriptions of experiments conducted by parapsychology researchers as well as performances by psychic entertainers outside of the laboratory during the 1970s. Many of these included some of the most widely known psychic performers of the time, including Uri Geller, [one] Kreskin, [2] and Ingo Swann. [three] In their attempts to replicate the studies of other researchers, the authors observe methodological flaws in the original trials that atomic number 82 them to the decision that no evidence for psychic phenomena has yet been produced. [4] They so discuss psychological research that attempts to explicate why people believe in such phenomena in spite of this lack of evidence. [5]
Background and second edition
In the 1970s, many of the students in their University of Otago psychology lectures had suggested to both Marks and Kammann that psychics, particularly Kreskin, were genuine and represented the cutting border of psychological research. Every bit they put it, "(W)eastward began our studies on ESP afterward numerous students had suggested we 'wake up' to psychic reality". At the time, surveys were showing what seemed to the authors to be a startlingly large percentage of people who believed psychic phenomena were or might exist -real. Far from setting out to disprove psychic phenomena, "(Due west)e considered it entirely possible that the psychology of perception was about to go through a psychic revolution, and if so, we wanted to be included. But over the adjacent three years of research, when we examined each dazzling merits of ESP, or psychokinesis (PK), we discovered that a simple, natural explanation was far more than apparent than a supernatural or paranormal one." [six] Regardless of the preferences of the authors, they followed the evidence they found where it led them. As they state in affiliate viii, "Information technology is never the scientist'south own conclusion that is important but the quality of his testify." [7] 104
There were several changes to the book for the second edition. Marks eliminated the chapters on Kreskin, considering "he is no longer considered relevant to serious study of the paranormal. He doesn't accept whatever special powers, he admits it, and everybody knows information technology". [eight] Boosted chapters embrace the Star Gate project (1985 to 1995) [ix] the work of Rupert Sheldrake, [ten] and the ganzfeld experiments. [xi] The terminal chapter covers the development of Marks' ain beliefs and attitudes toward the field of parapsychology equally a whole. [12]
Reception
Echoing the concerns of the authors regarding the general popularity of parapsychology, psychologist Stuart Sutherland referred to The Psychology of the Psychic every bit "an excellent book", and noted that it "was turned downwards by over thirty American publishers, all of whom were competing to publish books endorsing psychic phenomena. The paranormal is therefore available." [thirteen]
Peter Evans of New Scientist reviewed the volume presently after its first publication in 1980, stating that: "The really interesting question from the scientific standpoint, and 1 that the authors write about absorbingly in their last few chapters is 'Why exercise people, including eminent scientists, insist on being so gullible?' . . . Why? Because they desire Uri to succeed." [14]
Writers more inclined toward conventionalities in psychic phenomena, such every bit Robert L. Morris of The Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research , constitute the volume defective in some areas only useful in others. "The authors are to be commended for the effort they made to acquit out their evaluation beyond a elementary assessment of the literature they reviewed. Equally nosotros shall meet, withal, their specific strategies and tactics leave much to be desired." [fifteen] Morris recounts examples of miscommunication between the authors and researchers at Stanford Research Institute, and draws the conclusion that, "it is axiomatic that those who wish to evaluate inquiry results need to evolve better procedures for getting at the facts. Researchers need to describe their procedures in more particular, both in print and in unpublished documentation available for inspection, specially if strong claims are made about the presence of psi in the data. Critics demand better access to relevant details; they also need to express their questions and doubts more effectively and specifically, if the interactions are to keep in expert faith. When a given information exchange ends, all parties concerned should have a articulate agreement of why the information was sought and how information technology will be used." [fifteen] David Marks acknowledged this criticism, as well every bit Morris' larger point that the authors had ignored a great bargain of the research generally regarded as reliable in parapsychological circles, and therefore included more material on these studies in the second edition. [16]
Humanist commentator Austin Cline wrote in the volume review section of his Agnosticism and Atheism column, "the title is after all well-nigh the psychology of the psychic, leading the reader to believe that the psychological processes backside belief will become center stage. This is not quite truthful, but in that location is a decent amount of such material, and information technology constitutes some of the most interesting portions of the book." [17]
Related Inquiry Articles
Clairvoyance is the claimed ability to gain information almost an object, person, location, or physical issue through extrasensory perception. Any person who is claimed to have such power is said accordingly to be a clairvoyant.
Extrasensory perception or ESP, as well called sixth sense, includes claimed reception of information not gained through the recognized physical senses, merely sensed with the listen. The term was adopted past Duke University psychologist J. B. Rhine to announce psychic abilities such as intuition, telepathy, psychometry, clairvoyance, and their trans-temporal functioning as precognition or retrocognition.
Parapsychology is the study of alleged psychic phenomena and other paranormal claims, for example related to virtually-decease experiences, synchronicity, apparitional experiences, etc. Information technology is considered to be pseudoscience by a vast majority of mainstream scientists, in function because, in add-on to a lack of replicable empirical bear witness, parapsychological claims simply cannot be truthful "unless the rest of science isn't."
Parapsychology is a field of enquiry that studies a number of ostensible paranormal phenomena, including telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis, almost-death experiences, reincarnation, and apparitional experiences.
Telepathy is the purported vicarious transmission of information from one person to another without using any known human sensory channels or concrete interaction. The term was first coined in 1882 past the classical scholar Frederic West. H. Myers, a founder of the Social club for Psychical Research (SPR), and has remained more popular than the earlier expression thought-transference.
Precognition, too chosen prescience, futurity vision, futurity sight is a claimed psychic ability to see events in the futurity.
A ganzfeld experiment is a technique used in parapsychology which is used to examination individuals for extrasensory perception (ESP). The ganzfeld experiments are amid the well-nigh recent in parapsychology for testing telepathy.
Remote viewing (RV) is the do of seeking impressions about a distant or unseen target, purportedly using extrasensory perception (ESP) or "sensing" with the listen.
Paranormal events are purported phenomena described in popular culture, folk, and other not-scientific bodies of knowledge, whose existence within these contexts is described as beyond normal experience or scientific caption.
Dean Radin is a parapsychologist. Following a bachelor and principal'southward degree in electrical engineering and a PhD in educational psychology Radin worked at Bong Labs, researched at Princeton University, GTE Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, SRI International, Interval Research Corporation, and was a kinesthesia member at University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Radin and then became Senior Scientist at the Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS), in Petaluma, California, USA, which is on Stephen Barrett's Quackwatch list of questionable organizations. Radin served on dissertation committees at Saybrook Graduate School and Inquiry Eye, and was erstwhile President of the Parapsychological Association. He is likewise co-editor-in-primary of the periodical Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing.
Jessica Utts is a parapsychologist and statistics professor at the University of California, Irvine. She is known for her textbooks on statistics and her investigation into remote viewing.
David Francis Marks is a psychologist, author and editor of twenty-five books largely concerned with four areas of psychological enquiry – health psychology, consciousness, parapsychology and intelligence. He has also published books almost artists and their works.
Stephen Due east. Braude is an American philosopher and parapsychologist. He is a past president of the Parapsychological Association, Editor-in-Master of the Journal of Scientific Exploration, and a professor of philosophy at the Academy of Maryland, Baltimore Canton.
Sensory leakage is a term used to refer to data that transferred to a person by conventional means during an experiment into psi.
James Eastward. Alcock is a Canadian educator. He has been a Professor of Psychology at York University (Canada) since 1973. Alcock is a noted critic of parapsychology and is a Fellow and Member of the Executive Council for the Commission for Skeptical Inquiry. He is a fellow member of the Editorial Board of The Skeptical Inquirer, and a frequent correspondent to the magazine. He has also been a columnist for Humanist Perspectives Magazine. In 1999, a console of skeptics named him among the two dozen nigh outstanding skeptics of the 20th century. In May 2004, CSICOP awarded Alcock CSI's highest honor, the In Praise of Reason Award. Alcock is too an amateur magician and is a member of the International Brotherhood of Magicians.
Etzel Cardeña is the Thorsen Professor of Psychology at Lund University, Sweden where he is Manager of the Centre for Research on Consciousness and Anomalous Psychology (CERCAP). He has served every bit President of the Society of Psychological Hypnosis, and the Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. He is the current editor of the Journal of Parapsychology. He has expressed views in favour of open up scientific enquiry and the validity of some paranormal phenomena. The Parapsychological Association honored Cardena with the 2013 Charles Honorton Integrative Contributions Honour. His publications include the books Altering Consciousness and Varieties of Anomalous Feel.
Walter Franklin Prince was an American parapsychologist and founder of the Boston Society for Psychical Research in Boston.
In psychology, anomalistic psychology is the written report of human being behaviour and experience connected with what is oft called the paranormal, with the assumption that there is nothing paranormal involved.
Gardner Murphy was an American psychologist specialising in social and personality psychology and parapsychology. His career highlights included serving equally president of the American Psychological Clan, and of the British Gild for Psychical Research.
The Psychology of the Occult is a 1952 skeptical book on the paranormal by psychologist D. H. Rawcliffe. It was later published as Illusions and Delusions of the Supernatural and the Occult (1959) and Occult and Supernatural Phenomena (1988) by Dover Publications. Biologist Julian Huxley wrote a foreword to the volume.
References
- ↑ Marks and Kammann 73-154
- ↑ Marks and Kammann 42–72
- ↑ Marks and Kammann 12-41
- ↑ Marks and Kammann 26-139
- ↑ Marks and Kammann 140-99
- ↑ Marks and Kammann 44
- ↑ Marks and Kammann 73-154
- ↑ Marks and Kammann, 2nd edition, 19-twenty
- ↑ Marks and Kammann, 2nd edition, 71–96
- ↑ Marks and Kammann, second edition, 107–122
- ↑ Marks and Kammann, second edition, 97–106
- ↑ Marks and Kammann, 2nd edition, 303–310
- ↑ Sutherland, Stuart (1994). Irrationality: The Enemy Within. Penguin Books. p.311. ISBN 0-xiv-016726-ix .
- ↑ Evans, Peter (xiv Baronial 1980). "Review: The Psychology of the Psychic". New Scientist. p.61. Retrieved xvi November 2015.
- 1 2 Morris, Robert L. (1980). "Some Comments on the Cess of Parapsychological Studies: A Review of The Psychology of the Psychic". The Journal of the American Lodge for Psychical Research. 74: 425–443.
- ↑ Marks, David (2000). The Psychology of the Psychic (2 ed.). Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. p.22. ISBN 1-57392-798-8 .
- ↑ Cline, Austin. "Book Review: The Psychology of the Psychic, by David Marks". About.com. Archived from the original on v September 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
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Psychologists Are Skeptical About the Existence of Esp Because
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